Legal Insights: Are 80 Percent Lowers and Pistol Conversion Kits Legal in Your State?
For firearm enthusiasts looking to customize their builds, 80 percent lowers and pistol conversion kits offer a flexible, hands-on approach to personalizing firearms. However, with different laws governing their use across states, understanding the legalities is crucial. At Route 66 Guns & Ammo, we aim to keep our customers in Barstow, Hesperia, Apple Valley, Phelan, and Victorville informed about these regulations so they can build responsibly. Conveniently located halfway between Las Vegas and Los Angeles, we provide expert guidance on the legalities and products you need for safe and compliant firearm assembly.
In this guide, we’ll explore what 80 percent lowers and pistol conversion kits are, the legal landscape surrounding them, and tips for staying compliant in your state.
What Are 80 Percent Lowers and Pistol Conversion Kits?
Before diving into the legal aspects, let’s clarify what 80 percent lowers and pistol conversion kits are and why they’re so popular among firearm builders.
80 Percent Lowers
An 80 percent lower is an unfinished firearm receiver that is only partially complete (about 80% done) and requires additional machining to become a functional firearm. The benefit of using an 80 percent lower is that it allows enthusiasts to build their own firearms from scratch, enabling customization and giving the builder more control over the final product. These lowers are typically available for AR-15s, Glocks, and other popular firearm platforms.
Since 80 percent lowers are not yet functioning firearms, they are not regulated in the same way as completed guns—though they do become subject to regulations once fully machined.
Pistol Conversion Kits
Pistol conversion kits allow you to transform a pistol into a carbine or other style of firearm by adding attachments such as stabilizing braces, extended grips, and barrels. These kits are popular among shooters who want the stability and control of a larger firearm without purchasing a new gun. Conversion kits are widely available for Glock, SIG, and other popular pistols.
Pistol conversion kits can also be regulated based on local, state, and federal laws regarding the types of firearms allowed and the required modifications.
Legal Considerations for 80 Percent Lowers
The legality of 80 percent lowers varies widely across the United States, with federal, state, and sometimes even local regulations in place. Here are some key aspects to consider:
Federal Laws on 80 Percent Lowers
Under federal law, 80 percent lowers are generally legal to purchase and own because they are not classified as functional firearms. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) defines them as “non-firearms,” meaning they do not require background checks or registration at the time of purchase.
However, once an 80 percent lower is completed, it may become subject to different federal laws. Here are some factors to keep in mind:
Serial Number Requirements: Once the lower is fully machined and capable of firing, it may need to be serialized, especially if you intend to sell it or transfer ownership. Personal use may not require serialization under federal law, but check state requirements.
Firearm Assembly: Assembling certain firearms from 80 percent lowers may require the builder to follow federal guidelines for firearm types, such as the rules surrounding short-barreled rifles (SBRs) and pistol configurations.
State Laws on 80 Percent Lowers
State laws vary significantly, and some states have stricter regulations on 80 percent lowers. Here are examples of a few different state approaches:
California: California requires builders to apply for a serial number from the state Department of Justice (DOJ) before completing an 80 percent lower. Additionally, certain types of firearms, such as assault weapons, are restricted in California. As of 2022 Registration for 80 percent lowers has closed, and any new 80 percent lowers are illegal.
New York: New York has placed restrictions on so-called “ghost guns,” requiring builders to serialize and register completed firearms.
New Jersey: New Jersey has banned 80 percent lowers altogether, making it illegal to purchase or possess them in the state.
Legal Considerations for Pistol Conversion Kits
Pistol conversion kits are another popular option for those looking to customize their firearms. While conversion kits can provide enhanced stability and versatility, they may also fall under different regulations depending on how they alter the original firearm’s configuration.
Federal Laws on Pistol Conversion Kits
Under federal law, certain modifications to pistols can lead to reclassification. Here are some key factors:
Short-Barreled Rifle (SBR) Rules: If a pistol conversion kit allows the firearm to be shouldered (such as adding a rifle stock or stabilizing brace), it may be reclassified as an SBR. SBRs are subject to the National Firearms Act (NFA) and require registration, a tax stamp, and ATF approval.
Stabilizing Braces: The ATF has issued guidance on stabilizing braces, making it important to verify whether your conversion kit complies with federal regulations. A stabilizing brace that transforms a pistol into an SBR-like configuration may require registration.
State Laws on Pistol Conversion Kits
State laws also impact pistol conversion kits, with regulations differing based on whether the kit alters the firearm’s classification or firing capability. Examples include:
California: California has strict regulations around assault weapons and prohibited modifications. Adding a stabilizing brace or extending a pistol’s barrel length may fall under assault weapon definitions, depending on the firearm and the type of modification.
New York: New York also has specific restrictions on pistol modifications, particularly when it comes to features that change the firearm’s classification to an SBR or similar category.
If you’re unsure about your state’s requirements for pistol conversion kits, our knowledgeable team at Route 66 Guns & Ammo can guide you on the latest regulations to ensure you stay compliant.
Tips for Staying Compliant with 80 Percent Lowers and Conversion Kits
To ensure you’re following the law when using 80 percent lowers or pistol conversion kits, here are some helpful tips:
Research Local Laws: Always check the latest laws in your state and county. Laws on 80 percent lowers and conversion kits can change, and staying informed helps you avoid potential legal issues.
Seek Expert Guidance: Consult with knowledgeable staff, like our team at Route 66 Guns & Ammo, who are familiar with the regulations in California and can provide guidance on building compliant firearms.
Register if Required: If your state requires serialization or registration of completed 80 percent lowers, make sure to follow the proper steps. In California, for example, you’ll need to apply for a serial number from the DOJ and follow guidelines for registering the firearm.
Verify with the ATF: If you have questions about federal requirements, contact the ATF for clarification on whether your build or modification requires a tax stamp or additional paperwork.
Avoid Certain Modifications: In some states, specific modifications—such as converting a pistol into an SBR configuration—may be prohibited. Always confirm that your modifications comply with local restrictions.
Why Choose Route 66 Guns & Ammo?
At Route 66 Guns & Ammo, we’re dedicated to helping firearm builders and enthusiasts make informed choices and build responsibly. Conveniently located halfway between Las Vegas and Los Angeles, we serve the communities of Barstow, Hesperia, Apple Valley, Phelan, and Victorville with quality products and expert advice.
We offer a wide selection of lowers, along with knowledgeable staff who can help you understand the legal requirements for each product. Whether you’re building an AR-15 or converting your Glock for enhanced stability, we’re here to answer questions, provide guidance, and ensure you’re in compliance with all applicable laws.
Visit Route 66 Guns & Ammo for Expert Guidance on 80 Percent Lowers and Conversion Kits
If you’re ready to start a custom build or have questions about the legalities of 80 percent lowers and pistol conversion kits, visit Route 66 Guns & Ammo today. Located conveniently for customers in Barstow, Hesperia, Apple Valley, Phelan, and Victorville, we offer everything you need for a compliant and personalized firearm build.
Our knowledgeable staff can provide updates on state and federal regulations, help you select compatible parts, and ensure that you’re taking the right steps to build a safe and legal firearm. Stop by Route 66 Guns & Ammo to explore our inventory and begin your custom firearm journey with confidence.